Row Results

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This is a study conducted by GRI (Growth Resources Institute) to analyze the results of the United States U23 Women’s 8+ at the World Rowing Championships in Rotterdam, Netherlands, in 2016. In our analysis of results at World Rowing Championship events, we found that the 2016 US Women’s U23 8+ had the most significant winning margin in all 8+ events at the Senior and U23 levels dating back to 1977.

The table below shows the results of men and women at the U23 (Under 23 years old) and senior categories at a World Championship level, Olympics included. Since we were interested in analyzing to test how much the first boat won, only the two first results are included in the table below. Weather conditions can significantly vary from race to race; thus, the time of the winning boat doesn't provide an accurate assessment of well it did when compared with other years. However, the margin between the first and second boat does.

Margin's Plot

This plot illustrates the winning margin between the first and second 8+ boats since 1977, men and women, U23 and senior, at a World Championship level. The arrow shows where the results of the 2016 US Women’s U23 8+ boat stand. See all the details of the data below.

The margins were ordered by increasing value, from the smallest to the highest, in each of the four categories. Although the results are comparable, analysis by category may evidence striking differences between men and women and between U23 and senior levels.

Difference plot 2016 w8+ U23.png

Results Analysis

In order to test the hypothesis that the 2016 U23 USA Women 8+ result was outstanding, we needed to compare it with others at a similar world championship level. We analyzed the winning margin for all 8+ events at the World Championships and Olympics for U23 Women, U23 Men, Senior Women, and Senior Men. Note that U23 championship for men and women only started in, respectively, 2005 and 2006.

Anti-doping has been a concern in rowing since the 1960s. FISA (International Rowing Federation) implemented its first anti-doping regulation in 1976, long before WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) was established in 1999 and before the anti-doping code was adopted at the Sydney Games in 2000. Thus, the consideration of results starting from 1977.

Results at the Senior and U23 levels tend to be comparable. That's why we included both. However, we didn't include Junior results that are more distant from the senior level.

Of the 17 data points collected on the U23 Women’s category, the 2016 US 8+ was the only crew to have a winning margin over 7 seconds, an incredible 3.56 seconds above the average winning margin. Furthermore, across all 122 data points collected, we found the average winning margin to be 2.05 sec, 5.11 sec less than the 7.16 sec winning margin of the 2016 USA Women’s 8+.

We didn't find any evidence that the 2016 results would result from any external uncommon factor, such as the weather conditions at a specific location on the water. All athletes complied with doping regulations. Other boats from Great Britain, Russia, New Zealand, Australia, and Germany were equally engaged in the race.

Addtional Notes

The overall purpose of the study is to 1) validate that the results of the 2016 U23 USA Women 8+ team were uncommon by contrasting them with other rowing events in the same category and 2) bring explanations of those results from which we can learn from, in rowing, sports and also in business.

We were fortunate to obtain GRI's behavior-factor profiles of the team before the race, providing additional input on their individual character, style, and quiet diversity (called as such afterward). Individual interviews were conducted at the end 2023 to further progress in our research and analyze the crew's exceptional winning margin.

Rowing Results Data

Women's U23
Year Winning Crew Time Second Place Time Margin(sec)
2023 United States 6:09.14 Germany 6:13.34 4.2
2022 United States 6:23.03 Great Britain 6:27.81 4.78
2021 United States 6:16.69 Netherlands 6:20.43 3.74
2019 Netherlands 6:17.93 Great Britain 6:22.52 4.59
2018 Canada 6:04.61 Netherlands 6:06.58 1.97
2017 Canada 6:09.89 United States 6:16.44 6.55
2016 United States 6:36.90 Great Britain 6:44.06 7.16*
2015 United States 6:19.49 Russia 6:22.02 2.53
2014 United States 6:07.88 Great Britain 6:11.76 3.88
2013 United States 6:16.81 Great Britain 6:19.15 2.34
2012 United States 6:25.92 Germany 6:30.47 4.55
2011 Canada 6:03.23 New Zealand 6:06.02 2.79
2010 United States 6:31.97 New Zealand 6:36.48 4.51
2009 Great Britain 6:20.71 United States 6:21.80 1.09
2008 United States 6:36.01 Poland 6:39.72 3.71
2007 Belarus 6:15.20 Germany 6:15.43 0.23
2006 United States 6:06.68 Belarus 6:08.98 2.3
Average 3.6
Standard Deviation 1.8


Men's U23
Year Winning Crew Time Second Place Time Margin(sec)
2023 Great Britain 5:26.51 United States 5:28.90 2.39
2022 Great Britain 5:51.71 United States 5:53.97 2.26
2021 Great Britain 5:34.32 United States 5:34.55 0.21
2019 Great Britain 5:34.30 United States 5:36.21 1.91
2018 United States 5:22.48 Great Britain 5:24.93 2.45
2017 Netherlands 5:29.55 Romania 5:31.57 2.02
2016 Netherlands 5:54.10 Great Britain 5:57.26 3.16
2015 Germany 5:33.56 United States 5:36.49 2.93
2014 New Zealand 5:28.82 Australia 5:30.45 1.63
2013 New Zealand 5:28.63 United States 5:31.79 3.16
2012 United States 5:47.66 Germany 5:48.22 0.56
2011 United States 5:24.31 Czech Republic 5:26.21 1.9
2010 Germany 5:44.78 United States 5:47.48 2.7
2009 Poland 5:32.77 Germany 5:34.11 1.34
2008 United States 5:49.42 Canada 5:53.30 3.88
2007 Estonia 5:33.90 Germany 5:34.29 0.39
2006 Canada 5:30.72 Germany 5:31.78 1.06
2005 Romania 5:50.90 Italy 5:51.82 0.92
Average 1.9
Standard Deviation 1.0


Women's Senior
Year Winning Crew Time Second Place Time Margin(sec)
2023 Romania 6:01.28 United States 6:03.73 2.45
2022 Romania 6:01.14 Netherlands 6:05.04 3.9
2021 Canada 5:59.13 New Zealand 6:00.04 0.91
2019 New Zealand 5:56.91 Australia 5:59.63 2.72
2018 United States 6:00.97 Canada 6:03.05 2.08
2017 Romania 6:06.40 Canada 6:07.09 0.69
2016 United States 6:01.49 Great Britain 6:03.49 2
2015 United States 6:05.65 New Zealand 6:08.52 2.87
2014 United States 5:56.83 Canada 5:59.66 2.83
2013 United States 6:02.14 Canada 6:07.04 4.9
2012 United States 6:10.59 Canada 6:12.06 1.47
2011 United States 6:03.65 Canada 6:04.39 0.74
2010 United States 6:12.42 Canada 6:16.12 3.7
2009 United States 6:05.34 Romania 6:06.94 1.6
2008 United States 6:05.34 Netherlands 6:07.22 1.88
2007 United States 6:17.21 Romania 6:18.34 1.13
2006 United States 5:55.50 Germany 5:57.29 1.79
2005 Australia 5:58.10 Romania 5:59.50 1.4
2004 Romania 6:17.70 United States 6:19.56 1.86
2003 Germany 6:41.23 Romania 6:44.63 3.4
2002 United States 6:04.25 Australia 6:05.10 0.85
2001 Australia 6:03.66 Romania 6:04.96 1.3
2000 Romania 6:06.44 Netherlands 6:09.39 2.95
1999 Romania 6:47.66 United States 6:48.81 1.15
1998 Romania 6:14.62 United States 6:15.81 1.19
1997 Romania 6:02.40 Canada 6:07.18 4.78
1996 Romania 6:19.73 Canada 6:24.05 4.32
1995 United States 6:50.73 Romania 6:52.76 2.03
1994 Germany 6:07.42 United States 6:08.24 0.82
1993 Romania 6:18.88 United States 6:20.42 1.54
1992 Canada 6:02.62 Romania 6:06.26 3.64
1991 Canada 6:28.20 URS 6:28.73 0.53
1990 Romania 5:59.26 United States 6:01.67 2.41
1989 Romania 6:07.92 Germany 6:08.19 0.27
1988 RDA 6:15.17 Romania 6:17.44 2.27
1987 Romania 6:55.61 United States 6:57.27 1.66
1986 URS 6:08.76 RDA 6:09.77 1.01
1985 URS 6:14.00 RDA 6:14.89 0.89
Average 2.1
Standard Deviation 1.2


Men's Senior
Year Winning Crew Time Second Place Time Margin(sec)
2023 Great Britain 5:24.20 Netherlands 5:25.23 1.03
2022 Great Britain 5:24.41 Netherlands 5:25.52 1.11
2021 New Zealand 5:24.64 Germany 5:25.60 0.96
2019 Germany 5:19.41 Netherlands 5:19.96 0.55
2018 Germany 5:24.31 Australia 5:26.11 1.8
2017 Germany 5:26.85 United States 5:28.45 1.6
2016 Great Britain 5:29.63 Germany 5:30.96 1.33
2015 Great Britain 5:35.18 Germany 5:36.36 0.18
2014 Great Britain 5:24.11 Germany 5:24.77 0.66
2013 Great Britain 5:30.35 Germany 5:30.89 0.54
2012 Germany 5:48.75 Canada 5:49.98 1.23
2011 Germany 5:28.81 Great Britain 5:30.83 2.02
2010 Germany 5:33.84 Great Britain 5:34.46 0.62
2009 Germany 5:24.13 Canada 5:27.15 3.02
2008 Canada 5:23.89 Great Britain 5:25.11 1.22
2007 Canada 5:34.92 Germany 5:37.19 2.27
2006 Germany 5:21.85 Italy 5:23.29 1.44
2005 United States 5:22.75 Italy 5:24.01 1.26
2004 United States 5:42.48 Netherlands 5:43.75 1.27
2003 Canada 6:00.44 United States 6:01.46 1.02
2002 Canada 5:26.92 Germany 5:28.16 1.24
2001 Romania 5:27.48 Croatia 5:28.47 0.99
2000 Great Britain 5:33.08 Australia 5:33.88 0.8
1999 United States 6:01.58 Great Britain 6:03.27 1.69
1998 United States 5:38.78 Germany 5:39.48 0.7
1997 United States 5:27.20 Romania 5:27.76 0.56
1996 Netherlands 5:42.74 Germany 5:44.58 1.84
1995 Germany 5:53.40 Netherlands 5:55.54 2.14
1994 United States 5:24.50 Netherlands 5:25.10 0.6
1993 Germany 5:37.08 Romania 5:39.33 2.25
1992 Canada 5:29.53 Romania 5:29.67 0.14
1991 Germany 5:50.98 Canada 5:51.68 0.7
1990 RFA 5:26.62 Canada 5:27.57 0.95
1989 RFA 5:43.88 RDA 5:45.70 1.82
1988 RFA 5:46.05 URS 5:48.01 1.96
1987 United States 5:58.83 Germany 6:01.94 3.11
1986 Australia 5:33.54 URS 5:37.61 4.07
1985 URS 5:33.71 Italy 5:34.58 0.87
1984 Canada 5:41.32 United States 5:41.74 0.42
1983 New Zealand 5:43.39 RDA 5:35.94 1.55
1982 New Zealand 5:36.99 RDA 5:39.17 2.18
1981 URS 6:02.30 Great Britain 6:04.31 2.01
1980 RDA 5:49.05 Great Britain 5:51.92 2.87
1979 RDA 5:36.41 New Zealand 5:39.92 3.51
1978 RDA 5:54.25 RFA 5:55.17 0.92
1977 RDA 5:45.36 URS 5:50.71 5.35
Average 1.9
Standard Deviation 1.0


References

For results of all races, see the World Rowing website here: https://worldrowing.com)

For results of the 2016 U23 USA Women 8+ boat here: https://worldrowing.com/event/2016-world-rowing-under-23-championships/